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SAM-e WORLD
STUDIES
Psychiatry Res 1995 Apr 28;56(3):295-7
Rapidity of onset of the antidepressant effect of parenteral S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
Fava M, Giannelli A, Rapisarda V, Patralia A, Guaraldi GP
Depression Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
02114, USA.
A possible method of reducing the delay in antidepressant response
is to use S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM-e), a naturally occurring
compound that appears to have a rapid onset of effect in the treatment
of depression. In this open, multicenter study, 195 patients were
given 400 mg of SAM-e, administered parenterally, for 15 days. Depressive
symptoms remitted after both 7 and 15 days of treatment with SAM-e,
and no serious adverse events were reported. Further studies with
a double-blind design are needed to confirm this preliminary indication
that SAM-e is a relatively safe and fast-acting antidepressant. |
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Acta Neurol Scand Supply 1994;154:7-14
S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM-e) as antidepressant: meta-analysis
of clinical studies.
Bressa GM
Department of Psychiatry, University Cattolica Sacro Cuore School
of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
INTRODUCTION - S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM-e) is a naturally-occurring
substance which is a major source of methyl groups in the brain.
MATERIAL AND METHODS - We conducted a meta-analysis of the studies
on SAM-e to assess the efficacy of this compound in the treatment
of depression compared with placebo and standard tricyclic antidepressants.
RESULTS - Our meta-analysis showed a greater response rate with
SAM-e when compared with placebo, with a global effect size ranging
from 17% to 38% depending on the definition of response, and an
antidepressant effect comparable with that of standard tricyclic
antidepressants.
CONCLUSION - The efficacy of SAM-e in treating depressive syndromes
and disorders is superior with that of placebo and comparable
to that of standard tricyclic antidepressants. Since SAM-e is
a naturally occurring compound with relatively few side-effects,
it is a potentially important treatment for depression.
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Drugs 1994 Aug;48(2):137-52
The clinical potential of ademetionine (S-Adenosyl-Methionine) in
neurological disorders.
Bottiglieri T, Hyland K, Reynolds EH
Metabolic Disease Center, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, Texas.
This review focuses on the biochemical and clinical aspects of methylation
in neuropsychiatric disorders and the clinical potential of their
treatment with ademetionine (S-Adenosyl-Methionine; SAM-e). SAM-e
is required in numerous transmethylation reactions involving nucleic
acids, proteins, phospholipids, amines and other neurotransmitters.
The synthesis of SAM-e is intimately linked with folate and vitamin
B12 (cyanocobalamin) metabolism, and deficiencies of both these
vitamins have been found to reduce CNS SAM-e concentrations. Both
folate and vitamin B12 deficiency may cause similar neurological
and psychiatric disturbances including depression, dementia, myelopathy
and peripheral neuropathy. SAM-e has a variety of pharmacological
effects in the CNS, especially on monoamine neurotransmitter metabolism
and receptor systems. SAM-e has antidepressant properties, and preliminary
studies indicate that it may improve cognitive function in patients
with dementia. Treatment with methyl donors (betaine, methionine
and SAM-e) is associated with remyelination in patients with inborn
errors of folate and C-1 (one-carbon) metabolism. These studies
support a current theory that impaired methylation may occur by
different mechanisms in several neurological and psychiatric disorders. |
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Acta Neurol Scand Supply 1994;154:15-8
S-Adenosyl-Methionine blood levels in major depression: changes
with drug treatment.
Bell KM, Potkin SG, Carreon D, Plon L
University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange 92668.
INTRODUCTION - The relationship between plasma levels of S-adenosylmethionine
(SAM-e), an endogenous methyl donor, and clinical response were
studied in patients with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of major depression.
MATERIAL AND METHODS - A double-blind randomized protocol comparing
oral SAM-e with oral desipramine, involving a total of 26 patients,
was employed.
RESULTS - At the end of the 4-week trial, 62% of the patients treated
with SAM-e and 50% of the patients treated with desipramine had
significantly improved. Regardless of the type of treatment, patients
with a 50% decrease in their Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) score
showed a significant increase in plasma SAM-e concentration.
CONCLUSION - The significant correlation between plasma SAM-e levels
and the degree of clinical improvement in depressed patients regardless
of the type of treatment suggests that SAM-e may play an important
role in regulating mood. |
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Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 1994;154:19-26
S-adenosylmethionine levels in psychiatric and neurological disorders:
a review.
Bottiglieri T, Hyland K
Metabolic Disease Center, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX
75226.
INTRODUCTION - S-adenosylmethionine (SAM-e) is an important methyl
donor in over 35 methylation reactions involving DNA, proteins,
phospholipids and catechol - and indole - amines.
MATERIAL AND METHODS - This article reviews the studies that have
examined brain and blood levels of SAM-e in several psychological,
neurological and metabolic disorders.
RESULTS - Although studies have found no consistent changes in whole
blood SAM-e levels in psychiatric patients, other investigators
have found low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) SAM-e levels in patients
with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's dementia, subacute
combined degeneration of the spinal cord (SACD), and HIV-related
neuropathies, as well as in patients with metabolic disorders such
as 5, 10-CH2-H4 folate reductase deficiency.
CONCLUSION--Intravenous or oral administration of SAM-e thus represents
a possible treatment for these neurological and metabolic disorders. |
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J Psychiatry Neurosci 1993 Nov;18(5):235-44
The use of diet and dietary components in the study of factors controlling
affect in humans: a review.
Young SN
Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Although one of the first biological treatments of a major psychiatric
disorder was the dietary treatment of pellagra, the use of diet
and dietary components in the study of psychopathology has not aroused
much interest. This article reviews three areas in which the dietary
approach has provided interesting information. The tryptophan depletion
strategy uses a mixture of amino acids devoid of tryptophan to lower
brain tryptophan in order to study the symptoms that can be elicited.
One effect of tryptophan depletion is a lowering of mood, the magnitude
of which seems to depend on the baseline state of the subject. Therefore,
recovered depressed patients often undergo an acute relapse, while
normal subjects show more moderate changes of mood. Totally euthymic
subjects show no lowering of mood, but subjects with high normal
depression scale scores or subjects with a family history of depression
show a moderate lowering of mood. These data indicate that low serotonin
levels alone cannot cause depression. However, serotonin does have
a direct effect on mood, and low levels of serotonin contribute
to the etiology of depression in some depressed patients. Folic
acid deficiency causes a lowering of brain serotonin in rats, and
of cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in humans. There
is a high incidence of folate deficiency in depression, and there
are indications in the literature that some depressed patients who
are folate deficient respond to folate administration. Folate deficiency
is known to lower levels of S-Adenosyl-Methionine, and S-Adenosyl-Methionine
is an antidepressant that raises brain serotonin levels. These data
suggest that low levels of serotonin in some depressed patients
may be a secondary consequence of low levels of S-Adenosyl-Methionine.
They also suggest that the dietary intake and psychopharmacological
action of methionine, the precursor of S-Adenosyl-Methionine, should
be studied in patients with depression. Normal meals have definite
effects on mood and performance in humans. The composition of the
meal, in terms of protein and carbohydrate content, can influence
these behaviors. Because protein and carbohydrate meals can influence
brain serotonin in rats, these effects in humans have usually been
interpreted in terms of altered serotonin functioning. However,
the current balance of evidence is against the involvement of serotonin
in the acute effects of protein and carbohydrate meals in humans.
The underlying mechanisms involved are unknown, but there are a
variety of possibilities. |
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Psychotherapy Psychosom 1993;59(1):34-40
Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of S-adenosyl-L-methionine
in depressed postmenopausal women.
Salmaggi P, Bressa GM, Nicchia G, Coniglio M, La Greca P, Le Grazie
C
Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, University La Sapienza School
of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM-e) is a naturally occurring substance
which is a major source of methyl groups in the brain and has been
found in previous studies to be an effective antidepressant. The
aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of oral SAM-e in the
treatment of depressed postmenopausal women in a 30-day double-blind
placebo-controlled randomized trial. During the course of the study,
80 women, between the ages of 45 and 59, who were diagnosed as having
DSM-III-R major depressive disorder or dysthymia between 6 and 36
months following either natural menopause or hysterectomy, underwent
1 week of single-blind placebo washout, followed by 30 days of double-blind
treatment with either SAM-e 1,600 mg/day or placebo. There was a
significantly greater improvement in depressive symptoms in the
group treated with SAM-e compared to the placebo group from day
10 of the study. Side effects were mild and transient. |
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J Basic Clin Physiology Pharmacology
1992 Jan-Mar;3(1):1-17
Antidepressant activity of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in mice and rats.
Czyrak A, Rogoz Z, Skuza G, Zajaczkowski W, Maj J
Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow.
S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), main methyl donor, was tested in
mice and rats in several models which are predictive of possible
antidepressant activity. In the forced swimming test in rats the
effect of SAM was compared with that of the tricyclic antidepressant
amitriptyline. SAM decreased dose-dependently immobility time in
the forced swimming test in mice and rats, these effects being antagonized
by haloperidol and prazosin (the latter only in rats). Locomotor
or exploratory activity in mice and rats was not increased by SAM.
D-Amphetamine-induced locomotor hyper-activity in rats was increased
by repeated (14 days, twice daily) treatment with SAM. Behavioral
stimulation induced by D-amphetamine or L-dopa (given with benserazide)
in mice was not changed by a single dose of SAM. The drug reduced
hypothermia induced by apomorphine in mice. Hypothermia induced
by reserpine or clonidine in mice was not antagonized. SAM increased
the amplitude of the acoustic startle reflex. The above results
indicate that the psychopharmacological profile of SAM resembles
that of antidepressants in only some tests. The mechanism by which
SAM produces its antidepressant effect needs further investigation. |
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Psychiatry Res 1992 Dec;44(3):257-62
Efficacy of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in speeding the onset of action
of
imipramine.
Berlanga C, Ortega-Soto HA, Ontiveros M, Senties H
Special Studies Clinic, Mexican Institute of Psychiatry, Tlalpan.
A double-blind clinical trial was carried out to evaluate the efficacy
of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM-e) in speeding the onset of action
of imipramine (IMI). SAM-e is a naturally occurring substance that
has been shown to possess antidepressant activity with a rapid mode
of onset and minimal side effects. Sixty-three outpatients with
moderate to severe depression were included in the study. After
an initial 1-week placebo period, only 40 patients entered the active
treatment phase. During the first 2 weeks of the trial, half of
these patients received 200 mg/day of SAM-e intramuscularly, while
the other half received placebo. Simultaneously, oral IMI was administered
to all patients at a fixed dose of 150 mg/day. The onset of clinical
response was determined by evaluating patients every second day.
By the end of week 2, the parenteral treatment was suppressed and
IMI was adjusted according to individual needs. Depressive symptoms
decreased earlier in the patients who were receiving the SAM-e-IMI
combination than in those who were receiving the placebo-IMI combination. |
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Am J Psychiatry 1990 May;147(5):591-5
Oral S-adenosylmethionine in depression: a randomized, double-blind,
placebo-controlled trial.
Kagan BL, Sultzer DL, Rosenlicht N, Gerner RH
Department of Psychiatry, West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, CA.
Methylation has been implicated in the etiology of psychiatric illness.
Parenteral S-Adenosyl-Methionine, a methyl group donor, has been
shown to be an effective antidepressant. The authors studied the
antidepressant effect of oral S-Adenosyl-Methionine in a randomized,
double-blind, placebo-controlled trial for 15 inpatients with major
depression. The results suggest that oral S-Adenosyl-Methionine
is a safe, effective antidepressant with few side effects and a
rapid onset of action. S-Adenosyl-Methionine induced mania in a
patient with no history of mania. S-Adenosyl-Methionine may be useful
for patients who cannot tolerate tricyclic anti-depressants. These
findings support a role for methylation in the pathophysiology of
depression. |
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Acta Psychiatry Scand 1990 May;81(5):432-6
The antidepressant potential of oral S-adenosyl-l-methionine.
Rosenbaum JF, Fava M, Falk WE, Pollack MH, Cohen LS, Cohen BM, Zubenko
GS
Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston 02114.
S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM-e), a naturally occurring brain metabolite,
has previously been found to be effective and tolerated well in
parenteral form as a treatment of major depression. To explore the
antidepressant potential of oral SAM-e, we conducted an open trial
in 20 outpatients with major depression, including those with (n
= 9) and without (n = 11) prior history of antidepressant nonresponse.
The group as a whole significantly improved with oral SAM-e: 7 of
11 non-treatment-resistant and 2 of 9 treatment-resistant patients
experienced full antidepressant response. Side effects were mild
and transient. |
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J Psychiatry Res 1990;24(2):177-84
Neuroendocrine effects of S-adenosyl-L-methionine, a novel putative
antidepressant.
Fava M, Rosenbaum JF, MacLaughlin R, Falk WE, Pollack MH, Cohen
LS, Jones L, Pill L
Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM-e), a putative antidepressant, is a
naturally occurring substance whose mechanism of action is still
a matter of speculation. It has been recently postulated that SAM-e
may increase the dopaminergic tone in depressed patients. Since
dopamine inhibits both thyrotropin (TSH) and prolactin secretion,
we investigated the effects of treatment with SAM-e on the TSH and
prolactin response to thyrotropin-releasing-hormone (TRH) stimulation
in 7 depressed outpatient women (mean age: 46.1 +/- 7.2 years) and
10 depressed outpatient men (mean age: 38.0 +/- 10.0 years) participating
in a six-week open study of oral SAM-e in the treatment of major
depression. At the end of the study, there was a significant reduction
after treatment with SAM-e in the response of both prolactin and
TSH to TRH stimulation in the group of depressed men compared to
pre-treatment values. On the other hand, in the group of depressed
women, the posttreatment prolactin response to TRH did not appear
to change when compared to pre-treatment and the TSH response to
TRH challenge tended even to augment slightly after treatment with
SAM-e. Our results, at least in depressed men, seem to support the
hypothesis of a stimulating effect of SAM-e on the dopaminergic
system. |
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Drugs 1989 Sep;38(3):389-416
S-adenosyl-L-methionine. A review of its pharmacological properties
and therapeutic potential in liver dysfunction and affective disorders
in relation to its physiological role in cell metabolism.
Friedel HA, Goa KL, Benfield P
ADIS Drug Information Services, Auckland, New Zealand.
S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM-e) is a naturally occurring molecule
distributed to virtually all body tissues and fluids. It is of fundamental
importance in a number of biochemical reactions involving enzymatic
transmethylation, contributing to the synthesis, activation and/or
metabolism of such compounds as hormones, neurotransmitters, nucleic
acids, proteins, phospholipids and certain drugs. The administration
of a stable salt of SAM-e, either orally or parenterally, has been
shown to restore normal hepatic function in the presence of various
chronic liver diseases (including alcoholic and non-alcoholic cirrhosis,
estrogen-induced and other forms of cholestasis), to prevent or
reverse hepatotoxicity due to several drugs and chemicals such as
alcohol, paracetamol (acetaminophen), steroids and lead, and to
have antidepressant properties. In all of these studies SAM-e has
been very well tolerated, a finding of great potential benefit given
the well-known adverse effects of tricyclic antidepressants with
which it has been compared in a few trials. Thus, with its novel
mechanisms of action and good tolerability, SAM-e is an interesting
new therapeutic agent in several diverse disease conditions, but
its relative value remains to be determined in appropriate comparisons
with other treatment modalities in current use. |
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Psychopharmacol Bull 1989;25(2):238-42
Parenteral S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM-e) in depression: literature
review and preliminary data.
Janicak PG, Lipinski J, Davis JM, Altman E, Sharma RP |
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Actas Luso Esp Neurol Psiquiatr Cienc
Afines 1988 May-Jun;16(3):201-3
[S-Adenosyl-L-methionine. Latest results on its efficacy as an antidepressive
agent].
[Article in Spanish]
Ortiz P |
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Encephale 1988 May-Jun;14(3):113-8
[Therapeutic indications of S-adenosyl methionine in neuropsychiatry].
[Article in French]
Tramoni AV, Azorin JM
Clinique de Psychiatrie et de Psychologie Medicale, C.H.U. Timone,
Marseille.
Studies conducted by Italian and Anglo-saxon authors underline the
thymoanaleptic properties of a transmethylant biological substance,
the S-adenosyl methionine (SAM-e). The authors discuss a review
of literature concerning the use of SAM-e in neuro-psychiatry, particularly
in the treatment of affective disorders. The many physiopathological
implications are subtended by the biological inter-relations of
SAM-e with other biological substances. Some hypotheses are proposed
on the role played by phospholipid methylation, the folate metabolism
and the purinergic transmission in mental diseases. |
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Am J Psychiatry 1988 Sep;145(9):1110-4
S-adenosylmethionine treatment of depression: a controlled clinical
trial.
Bell KM, Plon L, Bunney WE Jr, Potkin SG
University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange 92668.
The antidepressant properties of S-adenosylmethionine, an endogenous
methyl donor, were studied in inpatients who met the DSM-III criteria
for major depression. Nine patients given intravenous S-adenosylmethionine
and nine given low oral doses of imipramine were compared in a double-blind
design for 14 days. The S-adenosylmethionine produced superior results
by the end of the first week of treatment. By the end of the second
week, 66% of the S-adenosylmethionine patients had a clinically
significant improvement in depressive symptoms, compared to 22%
of the imipramine patients. Side effects appeared to be fewer with
S-adenosylmethionine than with imipramine during the last 5 days
of the study. |
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Ala J Med Sci 1988 Jul;25(3):313-6
Published erratum appears in Ala J Med Sci 1988 Oct;25(4):496
Rapid antidepressant response with SAM-e. A double-blind study.
Potkin SG, Bell K, Plon L, Bunney WE Jr
Neurosci Biobehav Rev 1988 Summer;12(2):139-41
S-adenosylmethionine in the treatment of depression.
Vahora SA, Malek-Ahmadi P
Texas Tech University, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry,
Lubbock 79430.
The antidepressant property of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM-e) has
been supported by several uncontrolled and controlled studies. Compared
to standard antidepressant agents, SAM-e has fewer side-effects
and shorter lag period. Future studies to delineate SAM-e-responsive
depression are warranted. |
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Am J Med 1987 Nov 20;83(5A):95-103
Neuropharmacology of S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
Baldessarini RJ
Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
The metabolite S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM-e), when prepared as
the stable p-toluene-sulfonate complex of its sulfate salt and given
parenterally in high doses, appears to have mood-elevating effects
in depressed adults. The material is remarkably well tolerated when
given by injection or intravenous infusion for this purpose, even
in elderly or demented patients. Assuming that the toluene sulfonate
component is inert, SAM-e appears to have central neuropharmacologic
effects after systemic injection in high doses. Nevertheless, the
functional consequences of these remain unclear and, indeed, the
ability of exogenous SAM-e to reach the brain, and especially neuronal
cytoplasm, is limited. SAM-e has small effects on monoamine metabolism
and, after injection, appears to have effects on the microviscosity
of cell membranes that may be related to stimulation of phospholipid
synthesis. The recent introduction of an orally administered form
of SAM-e for use in the treatment of osteoarthritis promises to
stimulate further study of SAM-e in disease-associated depression,
major depressive disorder, and other neuropsychiatric conditions. |
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Am J Med 1987 Nov 20;83(5A):104-6
S-adenosylmethionine and affective disorder.
Carney MW, Toone BK, Reynolds EH
Department of Psychiatry, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, England.
Several open and double-blind studies suggest that SAM-e may have
an anti-depressant effect, and further studies are indicated. SAM-e
may exert a beneficial effect selectively on endogenous rather than
neurotic depression. SAM-e crosses the blood-brain barrier. SAM-e
is involved in several central enzyme pathways relating to transmethylation
and folate and monoamine metabolism as well as in membrane function
and neuro-transmission. The neuropharmacology of SAM-e's effect
on mood and the switch mechanism has yet to be fully explored. The
actions of SAM-e on the dopaminergic system are as yet unclear.
SAM-e is a physiologic substance that is non-toxic and relatively
free of severe side effects (with the exception of mania, which
may be a manifestation of the basic mood disorder. Int Clin
Psychopharmacol 1987 Apr;2(2):97-102
The influence of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) on prolactin in depressed
patients.
Thomas CS, Bottiglieri T, Edeh J, Carney MW, Reynolds EH, Toone
BK
Twenty subjects entered a double-blind placebo-controlled trial
of SAM in depression. Prolactin concentrations were measured before
and after 14 days' treatment. There was a highly significant fall
in prolactin concentrations in the SAM-treated group. |
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Biol Psychiatry 1986 Dec;21(14):1391-8
Abnormalities of one-carbon metabolism in psychiatric disorders:
study of methionine adenosyltransferase kinetics and lipid composition
of erythrocyte membranes.
Smythies JR, Alarcon RD, Morere D, Monti JA, Steele M, Tolbert LC,
Walter-Ryan WG
Two independent lines of inquiry have implicated some disturbance
of one-carbon cycle metabolism in affective disorders. Folic acid
deficiency commonly leads to depression, and S-adenosylmethionine
has been reported to have antidepressant properties. Methionine
adenosyltransferase has been reported to be underactive in depression
and schizophrenia and overactive in mania. This study reports the
effects on erythrocyte methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) kinetics
(Vmax) of a 2-week treatment in a population of patients housed
on a psychiatric research ward. The drug-free schizophrenic patients
and depressives had, upon admission, low Vmax values, and the drug-free
manic patients had high Vmax values on admission. After 2 weeks
of appropriate treatment, the values for all three patient samples
showed significant normalization (i.e., the levels rose in schizophrenics
and depressives and fell in manics). We have further shown that
pretreatment low levels of erythrocyte membrane phosphatidylcholine
in depressives and high levels in manics show statistically significant
normalization following 2 weeks of pharmacotherapy. The significance
of these results is discussed. |
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Clin Neuropharmacol 1986;9(4):379-85
Affective illness and S-adenosyl methionine: a preliminary report.
Carney MW, Edeh J, Bottiglieri T, Reynolds EM, Toone BK
S-Adenosyl methionine may well have an antidepressant action beyond
a placebo effect but this is virtually confined to endogenous depression.
This should be subjected to further study. Our own double-blind
placebo-controlled study is still incomplete. The indications are
that SAM specifically affects folate, dopamine, and serotonin metabolism
as well as activating and switching brain mechanisms. This suggests
exciting prospects for further investigations. SAM is a nontoxic
physiological metabolite virtually free of side effects.
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J Affect Disord 1985 Nov;9(3):297-301
One-carbon metabolism disturbances in affective disorders. A preliminary
report.
Alarcon RD, Tolbert LC, Monti JA, Morere DA, Walter-Ryan WG, Kemp
B, Smythies JR
Methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) activity (Vmax) and the relative
amount of phosphatidylcholine (% PC) were measured in erythrocytes
of up to 30 DSM-III diagnosed manic, 17 unipolar depressed patients,
and 28 normal controls. Manic subjects had significantly higher
and depressed subjects significantly lower MAT Vmax than normals.
The relative amount of PC was in the low range for the depressives,
and in the high range for the manics. Depressive patients present,
in these tests, similar abnormalities to those seen previously in
schizophrenic patients. Clinical and diagnostic implications of
these findings are discussed. |
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Lancet 1984 Jul 28;2(8396):196-8
Methylation and mood.
Reynolds EH, Carney MW, Toone BK
S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) has antidepressant properties. The commonest
neuropsychiatric complication of severe folate deficiency is depression.
These independent observations suggest that methylation in the nervous
system may underlie the expression of mood and related processes
and may be implicated in some affective disorders; suggest new biological
approaches to the understanding and treatment of some affective
disorders; and may explain why methionine sometimes aggravates schizophrenia. |
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Am J Psychiatry 1984 Mar;141(3):448-50
Open trial of S-adenosylmethionine for treatment of depression.
Lipinski JF, Cohen BM, Frankenburg F, Tohen M, Waternaux C, Altesman
R, Jones B, Harris P
Nine depressed inpatients completed trials with S-adenosylmethionine.
Seven showed improvement or remission of their symptoms. As in European
studies, no side effects were seen except the apparent induction
of mania in two patients with bipolar disorder. |
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Minerva Med 1975 Nov 17;66(78):4098-101
[Controlled double-blind study (SAM-e-imipramine) in depressive
syndromes].
[Article in Italian]
Mantero M, Pastorino P, Carolei A, Agnoli A
Thirty one patients were treated with either S-Adenosylmethionine
or Imipramine in a double-blind clinical trial comparing S-Adenosylmethionine
(25 mg i.m. three times daily) with Imipramine (25 mg i.m. three
times daily) administered for a period of three weeks. Hamilton
Rating scores showed no significant differences between treatments,
but such slight differences as were observed favored S-Adenosylmethionine. |
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